Molecular Systematics of Ray-finned Fishes

Taxonomic Sampling

---- Outgroup taxa ----

Class Chondrichthyes: Chimaera, Carcharodon, Dasyatis.
Class Sarcopterygii: Latimeria, Lepidosiren, Protopterus, Xenopus, Alligator, Gallus, Monodelphis, Homo, Mus.

---- Ingroup taxa: Class Actinopterygii ----

Subclass Chondrostei

1. Order Polypteriformes: Polypterus, Calamoichthys.
2. Order Acipenseriformes: Acipenser, Scaphirhinchus, Polyodon, Psephurus.

Subclass Neopterygii

3. Order Semionotiformes: Lepisosteus, Atracosteus.
4. Order Amiiformes: Amia calva.

---- Division Teleostei ----

Osteoglossomorpha

5. Order Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossum, Arapaima, Pantodon, Xenomystus, Hiodon, Gnathonemus.

Elopomorpha

6. Order Elopiformes: Elops, Megalops.
7. Order Albuliformes: Albula, Notacanthus.
8. Order Anguiliformes: Anguilla, Echidna, Conger.
9. Order Saccopharyngiformes: Eurypharynx

Clupeomorpha

10. Order Clupeiformes: Denticeps, Engraulis, Clupea, Alosa.

-- Euteleostei --
Superorder Ostariophysi

11. Order Gonorhynchiformes: Chanos, Kneria.
12. Order Cypriniformes: Danio, Pimelophales, Catostomus, Botia.
13. Order Characiformes: Distichodus, Citharinus, Prochilodus, Hepsetus, Pygocentrus.
14. Order Siluriformes: Diplomystes, Ictalurus, Schilbe, Oxydoras, Corydoras, Loricaria.
15. Order Gymnotiformes: Eigenmannia, Rhamphichthys, Apteronotus, Gymnotus.

Superorder Protacanthopterygii

16. Order Esociformes: Esox, Dallia
17. Order Osmeriformes: Argentina, Osmerus, Galaxias.
18. Order Salmoniformes: Oncorhynchus, Thymallus, Coregonus.

-- Neoteleostei --

Superorder Stenopterygii

19. Order Stomiiformes: Cyclothone, Malacosteus.
20. Order Ateleopodiformes: Ateleopus, Ijimaia.

Superorder Cyclosquamata

21. Order Aulopiformes: Aulopus, Chlorophthalmus, Alepisaurus, Synodus, Omosudis.

Superorder Scopelomorpha

22. Order Myctophiformes: Diaphus, Lampanyctus, Neoscopelus.

-- Acanthomorpha --

Superorder Lampridiomorpha

23. Order Lampridiformes: Lampris, Lophotus, Metavelifer, Regalecus, Trachipterus.

Superorder Polymixiomorpha

24. Order Polymixiiformes: Polymixia.

Superorder Paracanthopterygii

25. Order Percopsiformes: Percopsis, Aphredoderus.
26. Order Ophidiiformes: Petrotyx.
27. Order Gadiformes: Gadus, Merluccius, Coryphaenoides.
28. Order Batrachoidiformes: Opsanus, Porichthys
29. Order Lophiiformes: Lophius, Ogcocephalus.

Superorder Acanthopterygii

Mugilomorpha
30. Order Mugiliformes: Mugil, Liza.

Atherinomorpha
31. Order Atheriniformes: Menidia, Melanotaenia.
32. Order Beloniformes: Oryzias, Xenentodon, Hirundichthys1.
33. Order Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulus, Fundulus, Poecilia.

Series Percomorpha
34. Order Stephanoberciformes1: Scopeloberyx, Rondeletia, Gyrinomimus.
35. Order Bercyformes: Beryx1, Anoplogaster1, Sargocentron.
36. Order Zeiformes1: Zeus, Cyttus.
37. Order Gasterosteiformes: Gasterosteus, Aulichthys, Syngnathus.
38. Order Synbranchiformes: Synbranchus, Mastacembelus.
39. Order Scorpaeniformes: Sebastes, Scorpaenichthys, Dactylopterus1, Hexagrammos1.
40. Order Perciformes: Etheostoma, Lepomis, Aplodinotus, Toxotes, Chaetodontoplus, Astronotus, Pomacentrus, Pholidichthys, Synchiropus, Brachigobius, Zebrasoma, Thunnus, Trichogaster.
41. Order Pleuronectiformes: Trinectes, Paralichthys.
42. Order Tetraodontiformes: Fugu, Tetraodon, Chilomycterus.